Control Flow

If / Else

score = 85

if score >= 90 {
    print("A grade")
} else if score >= 80 {
    print("B grade")
} else {
    print("Try harder")
}

For Loops

Range

for i in 0..5 {
    print("Count: ${i}")
}

Over Arrays

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]
for fruit in fruits {
    print("Fruit: ${fruit}")
}

Indexed Iteration

Access both the index and value with for i, v in arr:

names = ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"]
for i, name in names {
    print(i.to_string() + ": " + name)
}
// 0: Alice
// 1: Bob
// 2: Charlie

Over Maps

Iterate a HashMap directly. Bind both key and value with for k, v in map, or just the keys with for k in map:

scores = {"alice": 90, "bob": 85}

for name, score in scores {
    print("${name}: ${score}")
}

for name in scores {
    print(name)
}

Membership: in / not in

Test membership with in and not in. It works on arrays (element), strings (substring), and maps (key):

nums = [1, 2, 3]
if 2 in nums { print("has 2") }
if 5 not in nums { print("no 5") }

if "ell" in "hello" { print("substring") }

config = {"debug": "on"}
if "debug" in config { print("debug is set") }

in sits at comparison precedence, so it reads naturally inside if and while conditions. (The in of a for … in … loop is unaffected.)

While Loops

count = 0
while count < 3 {
    print("Count: ${count}")
    count = count + 1
}

Break and Continue

for i in 0..100 {
    if i == 5 { break }
    if i % 2 == 0 { continue }
    print(i.to_string())
}

Try It

🐉 Playground

score = 85 if score >= 90 { print("A grade") } else if score >= 80 { print("B grade") } else { print("Try harder") } for i in 0..5 { print("Count: ${i}") } fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"] for fruit in fruits { print("Fruit: ${fruit}") }

Press Run or Ctrl+Enter

See Also

• Pattern Matching - match with destructuring
• Arrays - array methods for for-in loops
• Spawn & Await - concurrent loops